Inflation on this site is the consumer price index (CPI) published by INS — the figure the BNR targets. Comparisons with other countries use HICP, Eurostat’s harmonised index, which weights goods and services differently; the two can differ by more than a percentage point.
The deficit in the chart is measured on the European ESA basis and reported to Eurostat once a year. It is not the same as the Finance Ministry’s monthly cash budget execution, which accumulates from the start of each year.
The EUR/RON rate is the reference rate the BNR publishes each banking day, shortly after 13:00.
The wage is INS’s average net monthly wage across the whole economy. INS moved to a new classification of activities in 2025 (CAEN Rev.3), so the series joins the old classification, up to December 2024, to the new one from January 2025; growth measured across that month compares two slightly different definitions.
Productivity is what an hour of work produces. Unit labour cost is what the labour behind one unit of output costs: it rises when pay grows faster than productivity, which makes producing in Romania dearer. Measured per hour at purchasing power parity, Romania’s productivity has been catching up with the EU average — the Peers page shows how fast.